tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-64725081028456050682024-02-06T21:51:00.270-08:00Uganda Soil Ecology and SustainabilityLog of research activities and travels in Uganda around Kibale National Park.Lisa Tiemann, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03081807340524081870noreply@blogger.comBlogger20125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472508102845605068.post-35003461805285689962014-07-06T05:53:00.001-07:002014-07-06T05:53:45.049-07:00Back in Uganda, Summer 2014This post is seriously overdue! Unbelievably, I have been in Uganda for almost 2-weeks already. Where has the time gone? This summer I am here for a relatively short trip because I will be moving to East Lansing, MI at the end of July to begin my new appointment as Assistant Professor of Soil Biology at Michigan State University. Because of the tight timing of the trip, I haven't been able to take advantage of decent internet access in Fort Portal to post blog entries. <br />
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The trip this summer has been filled with the usual delays and set-backs, including car troubles and sickness including field assistants coming down with malaria. Fortunately, medication to treat malaria is easy to come by here if you have the money, which I do, so I was able to get my field assistant back healthy in just a couple days. It has been a bit stressful and I've felt the delays much more acutely this summer because of my shorter stay. Even so, with two new field assistants and the ever reliable Emma, we've made good progress; we've been able to track down three LC1 (village leaders) to get research permissions and then have visited over 80 households to collect survey data and soil samples.<br />
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I am once again struck this summer by the sense of community found in the villages we visit. If someone stays home to watch her baby and can't go to work her field, her neighbors leave their children in her care and then band together to work her field. If someone falls ill and has no family to care for them, they will leave their home and go to a neighbor or friend who will take them in and care for them. If a family runs short of food, their neighbors will pitch in to supply the deficit. In the midst of my third visit to Uganda, it is still remarkable to me how close-knit these communities are and how much they care for one another. <br />
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Two farmers of the future:<br />
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On a lighter note, I think the baboons here at the Makerere University Biological Field Station have become even more cheeky, if that's possible. My first day here, as soon as I left my door open while unpacking a baboon made a beeline for my bungalow and tried to come in to pilfer my house. The same baboon, identified by a missing right hand, stole a Tupperware container from another house and when he was chased, he made for the fence. He then dropped the contained over the fence so the person chasing him couldn't get it but he could still reach through the links in the fence and get the food that it had contained.<br />
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I finally had my camera with me at the right time and was able to get a photo of the small red duikers that live in the forest and frequent the field station.<br />
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This coming week I will leave the survey and soil sampling work to my two new assistants while I work with students at the Kasiisi Primary school and in Queen Elizabeth National Park. <br />
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<br />Lisa Tiemann, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03081807340524081870noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472508102845605068.post-26830909800157098322013-11-18T11:42:00.002-08:002013-11-18T11:42:30.041-08:00Just a quick plug for my driver and field assistant Emma (Tugume Emmanuel) and his new tour company. If you are planning a visit to Uganda check out his new website and contact him. He can really help make your visit spectacular.<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://wildlifetoursuganda.weebly.com/">wildlifetoursuganda.weebly.com</a></span><br />
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Lisa Tiemann, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03081807340524081870noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472508102845605068.post-85605409863033769302013-08-17T14:00:00.003-07:002013-08-17T14:00:43.901-07:00Back in the U.S.I very much enjoyed my time in Uganda, but am so grateful to be back and settled in at home in New Hampshire. The trip this summer was a wonderful success. We visited over 150 farms and collected more than 200 soil samples all told. We gave presentations in seven villages and I was able to meet with teachers and headmasters at five primary schools near Kibale National Park. The paper work needed to ship the soils out of Uganda came through and we were able to get the soils shipped from Kampala without any troubles. I now have quite a lot of lab work ahead, analyzing the soils and the survey data we collected.<br />
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We met so many wonderful people this summer and I look forward to seeing them all again when I return to Uganda in January or May next year.<br />
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Now that I have an internet connection that is a bit faster, here is a video of the school children in Kajumiro I promised to post.<br />
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And one more, just for laughs to end this installment of the blog.<br />
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<br />Lisa Tiemann, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03081807340524081870noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472508102845605068.post-12101042044334125242013-08-04T03:10:00.001-07:002013-08-04T03:10:29.581-07:00Village Presentations<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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We finished up our village presentations this week and
delivered more school supplies and soccer balls. Across all the villages, the
people were very interested in the results I shared and the suggestions I gave
them for improving nitrogen availability in their fields. I was told by more
than one village chairman (which is like a town mayor) that they would follow
my suggestions and that I was very welcome to return to their village. Everyone really appreciated that I returned to share results with them. I was told many times that most researchers come into the villages, collect data, and then never return to show the results. The soccer balls also created quite a bit of excitement. Every time we
brought the balls out you could almost feel the wave of excitement that swept
through the gathering. In one village, Nyabinyonyi, they have just started a new primary school because the only other one for their children was too far away. They had nothing but a chalkboard, some chalk and a teacher so I purchased some things in Fort Portal to help get them started. They cheered for each item I brought, especially for the paper, and then sang and danced to show their gratitude. First the children, then they were pushed aside and the parents danced. I am still amazed at how happy just a few small things that we in America take for granted, like paper and pencils, can create such joy here. I wish I could supply all the schools I visited because they all have similar needs. Below is a picture of me with the local PTA and village leaders that started the school. The fellow with the big grin in the red shirt next to me is my friend Elius. He and village elders from several villages around Kibale National Park have started a program to address some of their children's needs. You can learn more here:</div>
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<a href="http://www.facebook.com/goodhopechildrensvillage"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">www.facebook.com/goodhopechildrensvillage</span></b></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div>
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Here are some more shots of our presentations.</div>
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I guess the rains have officially started here. Last weekend we had a thunderstorm and rain through the night then another earthquake early the next morning. According to several local sources, the earthquake and rain together are a signal that the rains have come and that it is time to plant the next season's crops. This past week we have seen people frantically harvesting last seasons crops and getting their fields ready to plant as soon as possible. In fact, my driver Emma hired some extra help to get his fields turned around quickly and get his next maize crop planted. I'm sure the rain and earthquake together was just a coincidence but the people here really believe it has meaning. Judging by the complete inaccuracy of the local weather forecasts, particularly anything further than a couple days out, I guess the earthquake thing is probably just as reliable.<br />
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This week I am looking forward to meetings with local officials with the National Agricultural Advisory Service or National Agricultural Research Organization and with local primary school teachers and headmasters. I am hoping to get some information that will help with my education and outreach efforts going forward. I am also looking forward to going home now the the end of my time here is in sight. Next week, my blog will be from Kampala as we begin to make our way home! I can't wait to get home, take a nice long shower and then sleep in my own bed, comforted by the knowledge that I don't have to trek outside if I need to get up and go to the bathroom. </div>
Lisa Tiemann, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03081807340524081870noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472508102845605068.post-49380544549264299622013-07-29T01:14:00.001-07:002013-07-29T01:14:12.886-07:00Car troubles and more from last week.We had so much happen last week that I didn't get it all into my last blog entry! One of the things I didn't mention last week was the car trouble we had while at Queen Elizabeth. As we were driving to catch the 3:00 channel boat, we blew out a tire. We had a spare of course and after some wrangling with the jack and careful incremental movement until it was in the right position we were able to get the tire changed out. Ten minutes later as we are again driving to catch our boat, the spare tire we just put on flies off into the bush! My driver Emma was great and kept the vehicle under control while bringing the vehicle to a stop on the side of the road. We had all watched Emma tighten the lug nuts on the spare and couldn't figure out how the tire could have come off. After trekking through some bushes we finally located the tire and as we walked back down the road were able to locate the lug nuts that had fallen off one by one. We hitched a ride with a family from Germany, but missed the 3:00 boat. Fortunately the Mweya Lodge had a boat the was leaving at 4:30 that actually turned out to be nicer than the Uganda Wildlife Authority boats, and they served drinks during our outing. While we were enjoying the wildlife, Emma collected some other drivers and went back to the car to get the tire back on. When we asked him how in the world they were able to get the car up off the rim and get the tire back on Emma just said "we were many." In addition to the tire difficulties, our Land Cruiser, which we named Besse, started have engine troubles and we had to make our way back from Queen Elizabeth very slowly. On Monday of this week we traded Besse in for a vehicle that is ubiquitous here in Uganda, a 4WD van made by Toyota called a Hiace. I drove us in to Fort Portal on Monday and was very impressed by the way it drives and handles the roads here. On Tuesday we again made the long trek down to Rwimi to give a presentation with soils data from January, in the village of Kajumiro. On the way back the van overheated and started burning oil, we had to stop and let it cool then add water to the radiator, before slowly making our way home. The vehicle was not drivable after that so I decided to just send it back to the leasing agency in Kampala and rent the same vehicle I used in January that belongs to Kato, the assistant director of MUBFS.<br />
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Enough about cars, we also had some wonderful experiences this past week. On Sunday, Mike and I attended a special mass and party celebrating the ordination of Emma's brother into the Catholic priesthood. It was an incredible celebration, with at least 3000 people gathered from all over the country, including two choirs and two groups of young girls that danced while the choirs sang. The range of colors in the women's clothing was stunning! I was glad I brought a nice skirt with me so I could dress up a bit. When the service ended, they had 6 different serving stations set up and provided food for everyone there. It was really quite an amazing experience and was I am so happy we were invited.<br />
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While we were in Kajumiro on Tuesday, we went to the primary school to meet the children and deliver some school supplies that Stuart had brought over and a couple soccer balls. The children welcomed us wholeheartedly, and sung up a storm for us. When I get back to the states and have a decent internet connection I will upload some movies. They were so happy to get the school supplies and were thrilled to get the soccer balls. Then we gathered everyone for the presentation and they all seemed to hang on every word I had to say, even though they had to wait for the translation from my field assistant Liz.<br />
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We are continuing to give presentations to all the villages I visited in January, so more about this in the next entry.<br /><br />
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<br />Lisa Tiemann, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03081807340524081870noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472508102845605068.post-11185624922348512872013-07-22T01:20:00.001-07:002013-08-21T11:30:51.608-07:00BUSY and full week!!The final member of my field work team arrived last week, my collaborator Dr. Stuart Grandy, also from UNH. On Monday we all went to the Kibale National Park visitor center and took a nature walk. We learned a bunch about the forest trees and plants and what the monkeys and chimpanzees like to eat.<br />
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With his help we finished off the field work, visiting 51 farms in two days, in the most southern area I visit, the large village of Kajumiro. The farms here seemed to be a bit larger on average and there was definitely much more reliance on the production of maize, although many alternate between rice and maize each season. The hills were larger and in many cases steeper here as well.It is also noticeably dryer in the south and many of the maize fields had already been or were actively being harvested.<br />
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The people there were all of the Bakiga tribe and as usual were very helpful and generous. We were offered a variety of fresh fruits vegetables and drinks. Mike tasted the local millet porridge, which in case you were wondering is fermented and does contain quite a bit of alcohol. I was lucky enough to witness a family making banana juice, and then got to sample a large cup full. It was made by cutting up banana leaves and the matooke bananas then pouring water over the top, then crushing and mashing it all together by hand, with the resulting juice collecting in the bottom of the large tub. I tasted the fresh juice, but they also allow this to ferment into a very tasty alcoholic beverage that I hope to sample later this week.<br />
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Because we were able to finish the field work early this past week, I decided to take Mike and Stuart down to Quenn Elizabeth National Park for some wildlife viewing. We stayed the first night in the Mweya Safari Lodge, which was extremely nice. There was a very cute family of mongooses that lived around the hotel, and I saw this one eating a little green snake.<br />
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We had a great visit and saw a ton of game, including two lions and a leopard!! Pictures are worth a thousand words, so enjoy.<br />
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<br />Lisa Tiemann, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03081807340524081870noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472508102845605068.post-68639132106086988912013-07-14T01:54:00.002-07:002013-07-14T01:54:17.582-07:00Week of the monkeysWe had another good working week, got quite a bit accomplished. On Monday, our driver Emma dropped us off and we finished some more surveys and soil sampling in the area closest to the field station while he took the vehicle to be worked on in Fort Portal. It had been making some squealing noises and we were afraid one of the belts might be about to go out, and we didn't want to end up stranded somewhere far away from help. When we had finished the field work we just hiked back to the field station which was only about 2 miles away. The village we were in is called Kansojo and just about all the maize fields we wanted to survey were at the bottom of a large, steep hill or on the hillside on the opposite side of the valley. I ended up climbing up an down that stupid hill four times so that by the time I had walked back to the field station I was exhausted. Definitely the most tiring day of work thus far.<br />
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Monday through Wednesday this week our house was visited by a very rascally baboon. On Tuesday, I was sitting on the front porch when I heard Mike say through his window "Hey, there's a baboon in here." So I said "Tell it to leave," then went in the house to find it going through a box of my stuff. I yelled at it and it grabbed a gallon Ziploc full of powdered Gatoraide and ran out the back door. Fortunately it was too heavy for him to carry and run away quickly so he dropped it. On Wednesday, I was sitting in our house working when suddenly the back door burst open, and there was that baboon again. I yelled at it to get out and it just looked at me until I started to get out of my chair, then it walk off with its compatriots, including a mom with a very young baby baboon clinging to her chest.<br />
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Finally, on Wednesday, I was again sitting on the front porch when our baboon friend returned with the idea of entering the house from the front this time. He came right up on the porch, not more than 3 feet from me and this time when I told him to shoo, he barred his teeth at me and didn't back up a bit. I finally had to pick up a chair and brandish it at him before he took the hint and slowly began walking away, with frequent backward glances and dirty looks.<br />
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Finally, on Thursday afternoon we were treated to a mass exodus of red colobus monkeys through the yard in front of our bungalow. It seemed like a never ending stream of monkeys. I was told later that the camp group, which this was, has grown to 115 individuals. These monkeys haven't moved very far and we treated to good views of their antics in the mornings and afternoons in the tress near our house.<br />
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Lisa Tiemann, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03081807340524081870noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472508102845605068.post-19077180439625775292013-07-07T06:50:00.000-07:002013-07-07T06:50:07.322-07:00Another good weekOur week was once again very productive. We visited three villages south of the field station, Iruhura, Nyabinyonyi, and Kyakabuzi and between all, 50 farms. In Iruhura I picked up another group of children to add to my growing fan club ( I think my popularity may have something to do with the candy I hand out).<br />
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We are about 2/3 of the way through the first part of my work. I still have to return to each village I visited in January and give a presentation with data from the soils I collected on that first trip. I also have to send some time with some of the local primary school teachers to find out what kind of things I can do or provide to help them educate their children about soils. <br />
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We experienced our first earthquake for this trip this past week, and it was actually a fairly strong one. There was only one that I felt when here in January, but it is not expected since we are so close to the Great Rift. We also had our first significant thunderstorm and rain on Thursday and into Friday. Fortunately, everything has gone so smoothly, we were finished with our field work early so we didn't get wet.<br />
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There haven't been as many monkeys around the house this time as there were in January. I guess the trees in our area don't have the same fruits and seeds they did In January to attract them. I did see this big guy out alone in front of the house though.<br />
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I guess I'll end this post with some pictures of some of the fields we visited, many of which went right up to the boundary of Kibale National Park.<br />
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<br />Lisa Tiemann, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03081807340524081870noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472508102845605068.post-4838960728507430982013-06-30T02:15:00.001-07:002013-06-30T02:15:33.790-07:00Productive first week of field workWe had a very productive and successful first week of field work. We were able to visit 50 different farms to collect soil samples and complete surveys. My work this summer is focused on determining which crops farmers decide to plant, and how they make those decisions. I am also focusing in on maize because it has been pushed as a cash crop in this area and it can be particularly detrimental to soil fertility. I have been asking the farmers, mostly women, how much maize they plant each season, what they intercrop with maize, how much profit do they make from the sale of maize and how dependent their household is on the sale of maize. I'm also very interested in determining the fate of crop residues and the extent burning is used to prepare fields or dispose of crop residues. These kind of data in conjunction with soil analyses will help us better understand rates of soil fertility loss under a wide range of land use strategies as it seems that every household has a different plan for cropping and a different view of soil fertility. I have been asking the farmers what they think is the best way to increase their crop yields and have received almost as many answers as there have been respondents.<br />
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Working out on the farms this past week I was again struck by the exceptional kindness and generosity of the Ugandan people. We didn't have one household that turned us away when we asked for almost an hour of time to complete the survey. I can only imagine the slammed doors and unkind words we would have been greeted with if asking the same thing in the U.S. Even though these people have so little, we were the recipients of many gifts this week, including baskets, avocados, corn, jackfruit, sugar cane and coffee beans. I also acquired a young fan club in Mokobya.<br />
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These kids were fascinated by the mzungu in their midst and they followed me all afternoon, just watching me sample soils and make GPS tracks of the sampled fields. The boy in the black t-shirt (no pants) was particularly exuberant and quite a character. I wish I understood the language because he never stopped talking even though I didn't have a clue what he was saying to me.<br />
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I feel very fortunate to be here and to be working with such great people. I only hope I can live up to their expectations and provide them with information that will help make their fields more productive. <br />
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<br />Lisa Tiemann, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03081807340524081870noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472508102845605068.post-51125477615703262652013-06-23T01:28:00.002-07:002013-06-23T01:46:09.726-07:00Settled in at MUBFSI am sitting at the Garden restaurant in Fort Portal sipping a delicious cappuccino and taking advantage of the good signal strength for my Orange network internet connection. It is a beautiful day here, and on the way down we got our first view of the Rwenzori Mountains. It has been too hazy up to this point to see them at all.<br />
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We have our house and kitchen all set up and are just about settled into a routine at MUBFS (Makerere University Biological Field Station), which feels like my home away from home. I am staying in a different bungalow than I did in January, but there is really not much difference. We did get a new door for our shower this week which was exciting. Here is the house and the car we will be using, a nice Toyota Land Cruiser that can seat six. <br />
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The kitchen is in a separate building in back, as is the latrine. We have had visits by red colobus monkeys and baboons thus far. We also have some interesting lizards that like to sun on the side of our house.<br />
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There are also, of course, some interesting insects around and this giant millipede I spotted on the path to upper camp.<br />
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Part of my field work this trip will involve collecting data on land use and how land use decisions are made via surveys. Over the last week I have been working with my field assistants to get the survey translated and tested. There are a few questions that still need a little work, but I think we will be able to begin administering the survey and collecting soils this week. <br />
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<br />Lisa Tiemann, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03081807340524081870noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472508102845605068.post-43794958237554845952013-06-16T23:34:00.000-07:002013-06-16T23:34:04.316-07:00Goodbye to KampalaWe are leaving Kampala today for the field station. We had a good stay and enjoyed our time here at the Fairway Hotel.<br />
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Saturday night, Michael and I ate dinner at nice restaurant called Piato that is next door to the French Embassy. We sat on a cool and refreshing outdoor patio and I had some wonderful butter chicken and black forest cake. I would highly recommend Piato to anyone that finds themselves in Kampala.<br />
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We spent the day relaxing yesterday. We walked down to the Oasis shopping mall and then sat in a coffee shop reading and drinking very good espresso. Afterwards, we strolled around the mall where I was struck by the juxtaposition of Ugandan and western cultures. Last night we had a nice meal at one of the hotel restaurants that serves a combination of Indian and Chinese food. The hotel restaurants were very convenient and as a bonus the food was good really very good. KNowing it was my last for a couple months, I took a nice long and hot shower this morning, trying to savor it. <br />
<br />Lisa Tiemann, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03081807340524081870noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472508102845605068.post-89856865226692646082013-06-14T08:41:00.000-07:002013-06-14T08:42:33.381-07:00Back in Uganda!I am very happy to be back in Uganda! This trip I brought an undergrad, Michael, from the University of New Hampshire with me to help with field work and to work on a project of his own. We just arrived last night and are in Kampala now for just a few days. It's a noisy and dirty city, so I'm really looking forward to getting back to the foothills of the Rwenzori mountains and the field station at Kibale National Park.<br />
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This afternoon, I had a really nice meeting with a collaborator at the Makerere University Farm in Gayaza. They have a really nice field station there and the students majoring in agriculture at the university have to spend a year living and studying there. Tomorrow we are going shopping and Sunday we will do some touristy things, like visiting the Uganda National Museum and the Kasubi tombs. Pictures to follow soon.Lisa Tiemann, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03081807340524081870noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472508102845605068.post-75804732303191392912013-02-01T10:12:00.001-08:002013-02-06T11:01:03.878-08:00Final week in Uganda (for now)<span style="font-size: large;">My last couple days at the field station were filled by watching the red colobus and black and white colobus monkeys that filled the tress around my bungalow as I worked to get everything packed up and put away in storage. It took some serious puzzle solving skills to get everything I wanted to leave packed into the one storage box I had, but I did it. I am fortunate that Colin Chapman of McGill University was willing to let me use some of his lab/storage space to keep my things. When I arrived I had three pieces of checked baggage and a full-sized carry-on. If I hadn't filled one large bag mostly with souvenirs, I could have made it home with one checked bag and a small carry-on. When I come back here in June it will be much easier to pack and prepare now that I know what to expect and I already have supplies over here.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;">My time here in Kampala has not <span style="font-size: large;">been spent in meetings as I expected. My collaborat<span style="font-size: large;">or at Makerere Univeris<span style="font-size: large;">ity, who I was counting on to set up meetings, introduce me to other<span style="font-size: large;"> faculty members</span> and show me around</span></span></span></span> had her bab<span style="font-size: large;">y on Tues<span style="font-size: large;">da<span style="font-size: large;">y. I spent some time trying to get my soils ready for shipping. They are all ready to go but are waiting on some paper work for the permits and so<span style="font-size: large;"> they won't be shipped to me until the f<span style="font-size: large;">irst week in March<span style="font-size: large;">,</span> Fortun<span style="font-size: large;">ately<span style="font-size: large;">, I have a <span style="font-size: large;">c</span></span></span>olle<span style="font-size: large;">ague who will be <span style="font-size: large;">returning <span style="font-size: large;">to Kampala for other business at that time and has <span style="font-size: large;">agr<span style="font-size: large;">eed to finalize </span>the soil<span style="font-size: large;"> </span>ship<span style="font-size: large;">ment</span></span></span></span></span>.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;">My bungalow mate Amy told me th<span style="font-size: large;">at I hadn't tru<span style="font-size: large;">ly experienced Africa until I had a mango (or tumbu) fly. Well, I guess I have now truly experienced Africa, today I <span style="font-size: large;">discov<span style="font-size: large;">ered I had acquired my </span></span>first mango fly <span style="font-size: large;">larvae</span>. (<span style="font-size: large;">S</span>que<span style="font-size: large;">a</span>mish<span style="font-size: large;"> readers sho<span style="font-size: large;">uld </span>not read the rest of this paragraph</span>) I first noticed <span style="font-size: large;">it as I</span> <span style="font-size: large;">experienced</span> a bit of pain <span style="font-size: large;">and an itch that came <span style="font-size: large;">and went as, I suspect, the larvea moved around under my skin<span style="font-size: large;">.</span> When I went to look at <span style="font-size: large;">it I realized right away what the problem was<span style="font-size: large;"> so</span> </span></span></span>I <span style="font-size: large;">went</span> to <span style="font-size: large;">a store and b<span style="font-size: large;">ought</span> some nail polish, then painted over the area and waited for the larvae to <span style="font-size: large;">suffocate</span>. Then I was able to peel bac<span style="font-size: large;">k the nail polish and </span>pop it out. Kind of gross<span style="font-size: large;">, but not really that b<span style="font-size: large;">ad. I thought I was going to escape Africa without <span style="font-size: large;">picking up one of these things<span style="font-size: large;">, but hopefully it was just the one.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;">Tomorrow, I will spend my final day here at the Bo<span style="font-size: large;">tanical Gardens next to Lake V<span style="font-size: large;">ict<span style="font-size: large;">oria in </span></span></span>Entebbe,<span style="font-size: large;"> close to </span>the <span style="font-size: large;">a</span>irport. My flight does<span style="font-size: large;">n't <span style="font-size: large;">leave until 11:59pm so I will have quite a bit of time to <span style="font-size: large;">kill, and I don<span style="font-size: large;">'t want to spend an<span style="font-size: large;">y more time than <span style="font-size: large;">necessary</span> in the airport.</span></span></span> Th<span style="font-size: large;">is will be the last entry in th<span style="font-size: large;">is blog until J<span style="font-size: large;">u<span style="font-size: large;">ne<span style="font-size: large;">,<span style="font-size: large;"> when I will return for <span style="font-size: large;">nine more </span>weeks</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> of research<span style="font-size: large;"> and </span>adventure in Uganda. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<br />Lisa Tiemann, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03081807340524081870noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472508102845605068.post-18432574117755391532013-01-27T02:01:00.001-08:002014-04-25T14:48:11.339-07:00Forest Soils and Queen Elizabeth National Park<span style="font-size: large;">Last week was a busy one! I finished the soil sampling by finding sites within Kibale National Park that were adjacent to the villages and farms I first took samples from. This was not quite as easy at it sounds. I found out that most of the forest that is directly adjacent to the farms I sampled soils from, is actually regenerating forest. These lands were once cultivated, then in 1993 when the official park boundaries were surveyed and established, farmers were moved off this land (sometimes by force) and the forest allowed to regrow. In future studies I will be very interested to see how the soils are responding to forest re-growth after cultivation, but this time I wanted virgin forest soils. That i<span style="font-size: large;">s where th<span style="font-size: large;">ings</span> got complicat<span style="font-size: large;">ed. Access t<span style="font-size: large;">o virgin forest across from<span style="font-size: large;"> the villages I've been working in was <span style="font-size: large;">extrem<span style="font-size: large;">ely difficult to find. Especially when the Park does not have any good, recent f<span style="font-size: large;">or<span style="font-size: large;">e</span>st maps <span style="font-size: large;">that in<span style="font-size: large;">d<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;">i</span>cate trails and roads. <span style="font-size: large;">S</span>ite selection <span style="font-size: large;">was thus by</span> trial and error<span style="font-size: large;">, and involved a lot of driving around and frustration.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;">The end of the week was real<span style="font-size: large;">ly m<span style="font-size: large;">uch <span style="font-size: large;">more fun. <span style="font-size: large;">On </span>Thursday morning<span style="font-size: large;"> I travelled south to Queen Elizabeth National Park. On the journey we crossed the equator and I was in the southern hemisphere for the first time. <span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;">On Thursday afternoon I took a <span style="font-size: large;">boat ride on the Kazinga Channel that runs between Lake George and Lake Edward.</span></span></span> I<span style="font-size: large;"> saw an amazing number of hippos! I a<span style="font-size: large;">lso saw elephants, Nile croc<span style="font-size: large;">o</span>diles, water buffalo, Uganda kob, a Nile monitor lizard and birds of just about every shape and size.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">I spent the night at the Bush Lodge that is right on the Kazinga Channel. <span style="font-size: large;">It was composed of permanent tents on stilts and was a nice place</span></span> <span style="font-size: large;">sta<span style="font-size: large;">y, although I didn't get much sle<span style="font-size: large;">ep, all the hippos and wart ho<span style="font-size: large;">gs surrounding the area were just too loud!</span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">On <span style="font-size: large;">Friday we le<span style="font-size: large;">ft before sunrise <span style="font-size: large;">and made our way to the Kasenyi Plains to drive the wildlife trails. We had a very fruitful mo<span style="font-size: large;">rning<span style="font-size: large;"> spotting, kob, elephants, water buffalo<span style="font-size: large;">, water bucks, a spotted hyena and a lion <span style="font-size: large;">laying on top of a termite mound</span>! We were very l<span style="font-size: large;">ucky to see a lion at all. My driver had spoken to many other guides that were frustrated they c<span style="font-size: large;">o</span>uldn't find any for their customers.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">In the <span style="font-size: large;">afternoon we drove down to Ishash<span style="font-size: large;">a where there are rare tree-climbing lions. The road down is only 70 km but it took us over three hours because the<span style="font-size: large;"> condition of the road was so bad. During th<span style="font-size: large;">e</span> trip we came upon an </span>elephant a<span style="font-size: large;">t the side of the road. We stopped, turned the car off and w<span style="font-size: large;">aited quite a while fo<span style="font-size: large;">r it to cross, but it wouldn't move. Finally, my driver asked if I thought we could drive by, and I said yes, as alon<span style="font-size: large;">g as we go slow. I <span style="font-size: large;">now know better. As soon as we were about opposite the elephant o<span style="font-size: large;">n the road, it got scared and started to charge at us. Fortunately my driver ha<span style="font-size: large;">d the <span style="font-size: large;">presence</span> of mind to floor it and we escaped unsc<span style="font-size: large;">athed.</span> </span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">When we arrived at Isha<span style="font-size: large;">sha, we found th<span style="font-size: large;">is</span> savannah system on fire<span style="font-size: large;"> and were forced to turn back because the smoke <span style="font-size: large;">was too thi<span style="font-size: large;">c</span>k to drive throu<span style="font-size: large;">gh. These savannah are burned regularly to prevent the trees and brush from taking over.</span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;">I stayed the night at <span style="font-size: large;">the Savannah Resort Hotel, which was extremely nice, but not too expensive. The next morning<span style="font-size: large;">, we left again before su<span style="font-size: large;">nr<span style="font-size: large;">ise and returned to I<span style="font-size: large;">shasha <span style="font-size: large;">with hope that the fires had burned <span style="font-size: large;">out. This was the case and we were able to see a completely changed landscape as well as another spotted hyena, herds of kob, water buffalo, and topi and numerous birds. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">We drove around the <span style="font-size: large;">roads and around known lion tre<span style="font-size: large;">e</span>s for 3 hours, but saw no lions<span style="font-size: large;"> and decided to head back north. On the way back up the terrible 70 km road, we finally <span style="font-size: large;">found the <span style="font-size: large;">tree climbing </span>lions we had been lookin<span style="font-size: large;">g for in Ishasha<span style="font-size: large;">. The picture is not great because of the distance, but trust me,<span style="font-size: large;"> there</span> are three lions in this tree. I had a much better view through my binoculars.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></span> </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;">We finished the trip with a visit to some o<span style="font-size: large;">f the explosion craters along <span style="font-size: large;">C</span>rater Drive back in the north end o<span style="font-size: large;">f the park. It was a spectacular trip and I wis<span style="font-size: large;">h I could have spent more time exploring<span style="font-size: large;">. </span></span></span> </span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;">I<span style="font-size: large;">'m off to </span>Kampala on Tues<span style="font-size: large;">day<span style="font-size: large;"> and I can't believ<span style="font-size: large;">e <span style="font-size: large;">how quickly time has passed. I am looking forward t<span style="font-size: large;">o the indoor plumbing at home, but will miss<span style="font-size: large;"> the people here when I leave.</span></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
Lisa Tiemann, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03081807340524081870noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472508102845605068.post-14868397660634987172013-01-20T00:22:00.001-08:002013-01-20T00:26:04.583-08:00<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #cccccc;">A quick word about the roads here in Uganda. I have been on
similar quality roads in the U.S., in the backwoods and isolated mountain
passes of the Colorado Rocky Mountains. There are very few paved roads and most
of my traveling to various villages and farms has been on dirt roads that are
littered with pot holes and gouges left by rain runoff. One day returning from
Fort Portal we came across a large ditch that had been dug across the road by
the local farmer in order to lay some drainage pipe. There are also quite a few
speed bumps. These are put in by the people living on the road after they lose
a chicken or goat to someone driving too fast. Along all the roads, every few
feet, you see a tethered goat. I asked my field assistant if the people used
them for cheese and milk and she looked at me like I was crazy, then said “No,
for meat.” I was surprised they don’t take advantage of goat milk because there
are soooooo many goats. Sometimes calling what we are driving on a ‘road’ is
too generous. One of the villages we visited in the Isunga region required us
to drive down a track that was just a foot path in places and was extremely
steep. Not a road that would be passable if at all wet! In fact, I can see now
why there is not much tourism or research conducted in the wet season. Many of
the roads I have been on would be extremely slick, because of the high clay
content in the soils, or impassable if wet. Whenever we are out in these remote
areas we are always keeping one eye on the weather. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #cccccc;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #cccccc;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #cccccc;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: large;">I finally visited the east side of Kibale National Park on
Friday. We drove through the park to Bigodi. On our way we had trouble getting
baboons to move off the road and let us pass. I guess there are a lot of
tourists that pay no attention to the signs and feed them, so they like to hang
out along the road. I’ve heard many are killed by traffic on the road because
of this and I can believe this after seeing them not move for our vehicle. We
also passed through a large herd of local cattle being moved to market. The
animals are herded on 2-4 day continuous walks, before they are sold. While we
were in the area I visited a village called Kyabakwere. When I interviewed
several of the farmers and the chairman, I ended by asking what their main
problems or concerns are with regards to their farms<span style="font-size: large;">.</span> I always ask this and
have usually received a wide range of answers like, too much rain, too little
rain, poor roads, poor market, lack of education and crop raiding by park
animals. In this village however, everyone said crop raiding by monkeys
(particularly baboons) and elephants was their <i>only</i> concern, even when pressed. The chairman also complained about
a lack of education for the children, but this is also tied to crop raiding
because the children must spend their time guarding fields against park animals
instead of in school. In many areas I visited the tension between Uganda
Wildlife Association and the farmers was high because of conflicts with the
park, whether it is an issue of crop raiding or wanting more land for
cultivation. As the population continues to grow and resources become more
scarce, I can see that it will be a battle to continue to conserve the forests
of Kibale National Park.</span> </span></span></div>
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Lisa Tiemann, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03081807340524081870noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472508102845605068.post-40207409817725285042013-01-17T07:36:00.001-08:002013-01-17T07:37:13.548-08:00<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">My soil sampling has almost been completed! Next week I
have arranged to hire a field assistant that knows the forest so that I can
collect samples within Kibale National Park. I will use these soils as a
baseline to better understand how soils have changed with cultivation around
the park. I will be shipping 66 soils samples back to New Hampshire for
analyses and this should keep me busy until I return here next June. I was
thrilled to hear today that paper work for a Material Transfer Agreement from
the Ugandan government allowing me to ship the soils to the U.S. should be
completed in time for my arrival with the soils in Kampala on the 29<sup>th</sup>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Yesterday (Wednesday) I had my first experience with Ugandan
medical services. I started to come down with something on Monday and by
Tuesday night into Wednesday morning I was in pretty bad shape with a fever,
severe achiness and chills, as well as a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">very
</i>sore throat. My bungalow mate Amy was very kind and rearranged her schedule
so she could drive me to the Alpine Clinic in Fort Portal. With the aches and
chills, and the conditions of the roads here, I’ll just say it was a pretty
unpleasant 45 minute car ride into town. When I arrived, there were no lengthy
forms to fill out; I just had to pre-pay the doctor’s consultation fee, which
was 10,000 UGX (or about $4). In fact, before they did anything, I had to go
back out to reception and pay for the service or drugs first. When I finally
saw a doctor, and described my symptoms, he sent me over to the lab for a
malaria test, which eventually came back negative. When I got back in to see
him the second time, I again complained about my sore throat so he took a quick
look with a big industrial strength flash light and immediately prescribed some
antibiotics. Only two hours after my first dose my fever broke and I began to
feel better. Don’t know what I had, tonsillitis, strep, or my field assistant’s
diagnosis, mud flu, but I am recovering nicely now. </span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">As we were returning to the field station yesterday we came
upon a relatively small tree with a large group of red colobus monkeys in
dispute with another group on the road. As we passed through them their anger seemed
to transfer to us and our vehicle and two males actually started chasing us.
Amy had to stop for a couple still in the middle of the road and as the two
males caught up with us I was sure they were going to try and jump through my
window and I was going to have to fend off a monkey attack. Fortunately, we
were able to make it through this monkey gauntlet un-scathed. Speaking of
monkey gauntlets, today I was trying to get to another part of camp and my
bungalow was surrounded by baboons. My cook had asked me to take some cheese
and peas that were in a plastic grocery bag with me to the house I was visiting
because there is a refrigerator there we have been using. Just as I was setting
out she said “the baboons know that bag,” meaning they know it is likely to
contain food. I had to go get my backpack so I could smuggle the food through
the baboon lines. On my return, as I turned up the path to my bungalow I saw a
large fuzzy shape. I made a noise and a very large male baboon raised his head
up to look at me then laid back down on the path so that I had to go around the
long way to get home. These baboons are, as someone else here has said, cheeky
bastards.</span></div>
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Lisa Tiemann, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03081807340524081870noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472508102845605068.post-63376017989332096212013-01-13T07:59:00.001-08:002013-01-13T07:59:03.481-08:00First week completeI had a full and fantastic first week in Uganda. I made a lot more progress than I had anticipated and am revising my plans to include more work in the upcoming weeks here. So far, I have visited five villages and collected 40 soil samples from 10 farms. I am still surprised by how dark and rich the soils look. I was expecting to be sampling nutrient deplete Oxisols here. Next week I will be visiting villages in the Isunga area and collecting more soil samples. I have also arranged for a guide to take me into the forest for further soil sampling. The people I have met in the villages are all very welcoming and are so happy to get the soap we provide as a token of appreciation for their time. They are all very eager for me to return and share my results. I have had someone in each village say to me that they want me to tell them what to plant so that their fields can be more productive. I only hope I can provide some data that can help them in their land management decisions, but honestly, I don't know that I can live up to their expectations and provide them all the answers they need. <br />
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Their have been elephants passing through field station each night around 9 or 10 so we have all been avoiding the roads around here at night. I would like to see an elephant, but really would rather not stubble into one in the dark. The baboons have been staying in upper camp. I have a new friend there that had a bunch of bananas stolen by a baboon from here living room this week. This morning, I woke to find a large group of baboons behind my bungalow, including two very cute babies playing in a nearby tree.<br />
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Last night I went with a large group into Fort Portal to a dance club called Extasy. We hired a taxi for the evening that fit 15 of us and then danced until 3 am. It was a super fun evening and we turned some heads in the club, three mazungus (white people) dancing with the 12 Ugandan men who are field assistants.<br /> Lisa Tiemann, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03081807340524081870noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472508102845605068.post-68287253480481565772013-01-09T01:05:00.000-08:002013-01-09T01:05:49.872-08:00Soil SamplingOn my second day of field work I decided to go ahead and start my soil sampling. We went back to Kajumiro and revisited the surrounding farms to get soils. Seemed like the whole village accompanied us to watch the soil sampling process. I think they were all impressed by my big steel soil hammer. After we finished in Kajumiro, we hiked down to another related village center, Kajumiro-Sempenda, that is more in the valley rather than the hilltops as is Kajumiro. Here we interviewed a large gathering of farmers, asking about which crops they plant and their farming practices, then we distributed soap to thank them for their time. The village women were thrilled to get the soap and did the traditional Bakiga dance for me. We had to hire a couple local men to help carry the soil samples and equipment back to the car when we had finished, it was a long uphill climb.<br />
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I was exhausted when I finally made it back to my bungalow, but had a fantastic meal awaiting me. My roommate and I have hired a local woman, named Gorret, to clean and cook dinner for us. She takes the literally fresh from the farm fruits and vegetables we buy and makes enough food to feed an army! Between the two of us we can hardly make a dent. Last night for example, we had waiting for us samosas, flat bread, two different kinds of veggie stew, guacamole, rice, potatoes in a tomato based sauce, and fruit salad with bananas, mangoes, and passion fruit. I am going to be completely spoiled by the time I leave here. <br />
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<br />Lisa Tiemann, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03081807340524081870noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472508102845605068.post-6754341746722527342013-01-07T05:06:00.002-08:002013-02-06T10:55:38.938-08:00First day of field workI am finding internet net access to be extremely challenging here. There is only one spot at the Makerere University Biological Field Station where I am staying that I can get a good connection so I will probably not be posting updates as often as I originally planned.<br />
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Spent the day in a village called Kajumiro that is adjacent to the south end of Kibale National Park. The local leader gathered some of the farmers and we talked about what crops they plant, and where and when they plant them. When we finished the farmers danced for me and I handed out suckers to the children. I then visited several of the farms that I will sample soils from later. I was surprised to find the farms located on very steep hills. They all contained many different crops including rice, corn, cassava, banana, yams, millet, potatoes (Irish and sweet) and tomatoes to name a few. They all wanted their pictures taken on their farms and want me to bring back copies when I return to sample soils.<br />
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Lisa Tiemann, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03081807340524081870noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472508102845605068.post-5195585200590681742012-12-31T14:18:00.002-08:002012-12-31T14:18:56.019-08:00<span style="font-size: small;">It's New Year's Eve and in two days I will leave for my first trip to Uganda. From the time I leave my house to when I land in Entebbe, Uganda I will have been traveling for 28 hours. My next post will be from Africa, as soon as I can get internet access.</span> Lisa Tiemann, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03081807340524081870noreply@blogger.com0